COLIFORM AND STAPHYLOCOCCAL MASTITIS IN COWS RISK FACTORS AND TRENDS IN ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

Abstract

This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of E coli & Staphylococcus aureus causing mastitis. Total Prevalence of mastitis was determined from different farms of Amtali, Barguna. Identification of different bacteria from positive samples were performed by cultural characteristics, and biochemical tests to some extent. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 5%. The prevalence of mastitis in cross breed cow was 6.42% and in local cow 3.75%. Prevalence of mastitis was higher in older animal of 7-8 years old. The prevalence of mastitis in 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 and 9-10 year old cows were 3.08%, 4.29%, 5.88% and 5%, respectively. The higher number of mastitis incidence was 8.75% during 3 rd- 4 th

parity than 3.33% during 1

st -2 nd parity and 3.84% when ≥5 parity. Among 15 mastitis infected cattle, the prevalence of mastitis in cow had peri-parturient disease were 86.67% and cows without histories of peri-parturient disease were 13.33%. Among 15 mastitis infected cattle, the prevalence of mastitis were 26.67% at 1st-2 month of lactation 53.33%, at 3 rd -4 th month of lactation and 20% and at 5 th -6 th month of lactation respectively. The prevalence of mastitis in dry and wet season was 33.33% and 66.67% respectively. The occurrence of mastitis was 26.67% in cows in farms with brick-block floor and 20% in cows in farms with soil floor. Only 53.33% cows were affected with mastitis when the floor was wet and soiled. The occurrence of mastitis had relation with the cleanliness of farm. Among 15 mastitis infected cattle, 73.33% infected cow were reared in dirty farm and 26.67% infected cows are reared in clean farm. The prevalence of E. coli and S. aureus in mastitis milk samples were 73.33% and 66.67% % respectively. Nine antibiotics were used to know the susceptibility, intermediate resistance and resistance percentage against the isolated bacteria. Amoxicillin showed 36.36% sensitivity, Ampicillin showed 36.36%, Tetracycline shows 54.54% sensitivity, Streptomycine and Co-trimethaxole/Trimethoprim showed 81.81% sensitivity, Gentamycin, Cefttriaxone shown 90.91% sensitivity, Cefuroxime and Cefixime shown 100% sensitivity against E. coli. Cefuroxime and Cefixime were highly sensitive and Ceftriaxone and Gentamycin shown 9.09% resistance. Amoxicilin showed higly resistance among these 9 antibiotics. Amoxicilin showed 45.45% resistance. Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Tetracycline showed 18.18%, 27.27% and 9.09% intermediate resistance respectively against E. coli. Against S. aureus; Cotrimethaxole/Trimethoprim showed 60% sensitivity, Tetracycline showed 70% sensitivity, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Streptomycine showed 80% sensitivity, Gentamycin, Cefttriaxone shown 90% sensitivity, Cefuroxime and Cefixime showed 100% sensitivity. It was observed that Cefuroxime and Cefixime we r e highly sensitive and ceftriaxone showed 10% resistance Cotrimethaxole showed higly resistance among these 9 antibiotics. Cotrimethaxole/ Trimethoprim showed 30% resistance. Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Streptomycine and Cotrimethaxole/Trimethoprim showed 10% intermediate resistance against S. aureus. This study showed that antibiotic resistance against E. coli and S. aureus was increased. So, prevention and conrol of the outbreak of this disease is very necessary through good therapeutic management and hygienic care of the farm and dairy cow.