DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER GERMPLASMS FOR YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS

Abstract

ABSTRACT Twenty-two sunflower germplasms along with two released varieties were evaluated at the research field of ORC, BARI, Gazipur during rabi season 2018-19 to study the diversity among the genotypes for yield and yield contributing characters. In this study analysis of variance, mean performance of sunflower genotypes, character association, direct and indirect effects of yield contributing characters on seed yield and cluster dendrogram for higher seed yield was performed. The main objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate sunflower lines/genotypes morphologically and find out desired lines/genotype with high yield potential in combination with good agronomic traits which could be used for developing high yielding sunflower variety. In this study, the studied parameters were days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), head diameter (cm), number of seed/head, 1000 seed weight (g), yield/head (g) and yield/plot (g). The analysis of variance showed that the treatment effects were highly significant for most of the characters which indicates that there were marked variations among the sunflower accessions for the studied characters. The mean performances indicated that the genotype GP04011 and GP01009 (59.22 cm and 63.82cm) respectively, were dwarf type while genotype GP04015 (2.22 cm) produced thick stem. The genotype MiniatureP1 produced wider heads of 17.95

cm. Highest number of seeds per head was produced by the genotype BD9385 (256 seeds) and both the genotype GP04016 and GP04018 produced maximum 1000-seed weight (78.54g). The genotype BHACPS2 (Check-2) gave highest yield/head (29.24 g) and produced higher yield 725.15g. Among the studied traits, character association were observed highly significant and positive correlation for the character days to 50% flowering with stem diameter (0.58**), plant height with stem diameter (0.55**) and head diameter (0.62**), stem diameter with head diameter, head diameter with yield/head, number of seed/ head with yield/head and plot yield, yield/head with plot yield were found in this study. Direct and indirect effects showed that days to 50% flowering and yield/head exhibited higher direct effects on sunflower seed yield. Moreover, plant height, head diameter, number of seed/head and 1000-seed weight also had direct effect on sunflower yield which might be a good indicator for seed yield. Based on quantitative traits, all sunflower accessions by cluster analysis were divided into 2 groups which were group A (4 accessions) and group B again divided into 4 sub-groups (I, II, III and IV). A large number of accessions were placed in sub-group II and III (6 accessions) followed by sub-group I and IV (3 accessions). The genotypes which fall in same group were more closely related. On the other hand, the genotypes were more distantly related which were fall in another group. In this study, no single accessions were categorized as promising for all the characters but different accessions were found promising for different characters. The present study showed that the accessions (BARISurjamukhi2 (Check-1),

BHACPS2 (Check-2), GP04023, BD9385, MiniatureP1) produced high yield in sunflower. So, these genotypes would use to develop desirable high yielding sunflower variety.