DNA FINGERPRINTING AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF GINGER (Zingiber Officinale) GENOTYPES USING RAPD MARKERS

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes have been widely used as a spice and flavoring agent in foods and beverages in Bangladesh as well as in all over the world for its economical and medicinal values. Identification and characterization of germplasm is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. The present investigation was undertaken for the assessment of 13 local genotypes of Zingiber officinale collected from different region of Bangladesh by 7 RAPD random decamer primers. Good quality genomic DNA was extracted from ginger genotypes using CTAB method. Nine RAPD primers were screened for amplification of genomic DNA and seven primers were selected based on the amplification pattern. A total of 34 distinct and differential amplification bands ranging from 150-1200 kb were observed with an average of 1.14 polymorphic bands per primer. The overall gene diversity was detected 0.8052 and the value of PIC was detected 0.7532. Primers could generate enough polymorphism for possible use in diversity studies, based on provisional multivariate analyses such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA classified 13 ginger genotypes into four groups and showed in two dimensional scatter plot. The genetic similarity coefficients among genotypes ranged from 0.103 to 0.654. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity-coefficient using UPGMA grouped the genotypes into two clusters: Cluster A and Cluster B. The cluster ‘A’ had only one genotype Kaptai local and the second cluster ‘B’ had rest of twelve genotypes. Further cluster B subdivided into another cluster. The prevalence level of polymorphism in the local genotypes of ginger will help to breeders for ginger development breeding program.