PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GENOTYPES BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL TRAITS OF KIDNEY BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

In prospect of Bangladesh low yield and disease susceptibility are considered the main impediments for the negligence in breeding efforts for improving Kidney bean. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the extent of genetic variability, association and direct-indirect effects of component traits on seed yield, diversity among genotypes and analysis of nutrient components of Kidney bean. The research was based on the evaluation of 18 genotypes collected from Sylhet, Bandarban regions and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, considering 17 quantitative characters during Rabi season of 2016-2017 in research farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. The analysis of variance showed significant variation in all the traits studied here except pod diameter, dry weight of pod and number of seeds/pod. The phenotypic variances were greater than genotypic variances with little differences in all traits except 1000-seed weight, seed yield/plant and seed yield/hectare. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was observed in leaf area, 1000-seed weight and seed yield/plant which indicates the effect of additive genes. The correlation studies unraveled seed yield/hectare had highly significant positive relation with number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and seed yield/plant, where seed yield/plant followed by number of seeds/pod showed the highest positive direct effect on the seed yield/hectare. Selection of these traits might cause the probability of simultaneous improvement of Kidney bean. The genotypes were grouped in four clusters by diversity (D2) analysis where cluster I comprised 7 genotypes and cluster III 1 genotype. Furthermore, highest inter and intra cluster distance was found between Cluster I and Cluster III (23.742) and cluster IV (0.900) respectively. Principle component analysis revealed first three component contributed 74.8% towards genetic diversity in Kidney bean. Significant variation was present in nutrient components viz. carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, ash and moisture content. Local varieties of Sylhet proved to have more carbohydrate (60.24-64.03%), fiber (2.08-2.46%) and ash (2.31-2.95%), whereas local varieties of Bandarban seemed to possess more protein content (23.05-23.11%) than released varieties from BARI. Therefore, hybridization program can be performed between the local varieties of Sylhet and Bandarban to evlove super quality Kidney bean varietis. It might be concluded that G1 (BARI Jharseem -1), G3, G4, G5, G6, G9 (BARI Jharseem-2), G10 (advanced line) and G12 (advanced line) had potential for improvement based on the genetic merit of yield and contributing factors.