http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/3506 Sat, 18 Apr 2026 23:03:19 GMT 2026-04-18T23:03:19Z http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/3508 IMPACT OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE ON FARMERS’ LIVELIHOODS MAHASHIN, MOHAMMAD The present study was undertaken to determine the impact of Climate Smart Agriculture on farmers livelihoods.Data were collected from 376 households from CSA (study group) and non CSA (control group) farmers during July to December, 2018. In order to collect relevant information from the respondents, structured interview schedule was used. Before-After study with control method was adopted for the study to assess the impacts on farmer’s livelihoods. It is observed that an overwhelming majority of the respondents (86.60%) in the CSA group had medium to high change in livelihoods whereas the change in non-CSA group was 26.60%.The findings indicated that CSA approach had significant improvement in most of the livelihood parameters. Substantial positive changes were observed in food consumption (calorie intake), food stock (availability), taking balance diet intake level, housing, safe drinking water, sanitation, clothing and healthcare faculties. The analysis revealed that out of 13 variables, 6 variables namely knowledge on Climate Smart Agriculture practices, benefit obtained from CSA, empowerment status, use of CSA technologies and organizational support had significant contribution on the change of farmers’ livelihoods. Whole model of 13 independent variables explained 45.9% of the total variation showed in livelihoods of the farmers. Out of 45.9% explained variance, two variables namely knowledge on CSA and benefit obtained from CSA contributed (39%). It reflects those two variables are the most dominant and signifying predictors for changing the livelihoods of CSA practicing farmers. This study can establish a message that positive changes in the livelihoods of farming community are associated with practicing Climate Smart Agriculture. A DISSERTATION FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM Sat, 01 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/3508 2019-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/3507 CHANGES OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT OF POTATO PRODUCTION THROUGH CONTRACT FARMING SARKAR, MD. ABDUR RAFIQ The research aims to determine the changes of Return on Investment (ROI) of potato production through contract farming and to explore the contribution of selected farmer characteristics in potato contract farming (CF). The research was carried out in Mithapukur Upazila under the Rangpur district and Birampur Upazila under Dinajpur district. From September to December 2019, a structured interview schedule was used to collect data from two hundred and sixty-two (262) potato contract farmers from a population size of eight hundred and twenty (820). A proportionate random sampling technique was used to select sample farmers from 3 potato CF companies. Data were also collected from 56 non-contractual potato farmers from Pirganj Upazila under Rangpur district, where no contractual potato farming had been established. Thirteen selected characteristics of the potato contract farmers, namely, age, education, farming land size, potato contract farming land size, potato CF experience, support services, training exposure, knowledge on CF, extension media contact, satisfaction on CF, innovativeness, commercialization, and business growth due to potato CF were considered as the independent variables. Changes of Return on Investment (ROI) of potato production through contract farming was the dependent variable of the research. The extent of changes of ROI of potato production through CF farming ranged from 5.30 to 96.21, indicating that the majority (79.01%) of the farmers attained a medium level of ROI, 10.31% attained a high level, and 10.69% attained low changes of ROI. It was discovered that 80% of the contract farmers had medium to large farming land for potato contract farming, 99% of farmers received support services from the contractor, 86.26% had medium to higher training exposure, 84% had good knowledge of potato contract farming, 87% had strong extension media contact. Commercialization of the potato farmers were medium to high found 89%, and 83.97% of respondent contract farmers showed medium to high-level growth of business due to potato contract farming. According to the stepwise regression, seven characteristics of potato contract farmers contributed 93.80% of the changes of return on investment of potato production through contract farming. Among them, business growth showed highest (84.9%) contribution, followed by extension media contact (5.6%), knowledge on contract farming (1.6%), effective land contract farming land size (0.8%), commercialization of potato farming (0.5%) and training exposure (0.3%) contributed to the changes of return on investment of potato production through contract farming. Results of path analysis revealed that knowledge on potato contract farming of the potato contract farmers had the highest total indirect effect (0.64), followed by Training exposure (0.58), extension media contact (0.52), support services (0.51), effective CF land size (0.30), business growth due to contract farming (0.29) and commercialization (0.18) on changes of return on investment of potato production through contract farming. Finally, contract farming is an appropriate farming model that has a positive increment of ROI on potato production. Bangladeshi planners and policymakers could use the evidence of the benefits of potato contract farming in other areas of farming. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM SHER-E-BANGLAAGRICULTURALUNIVERSITY SHER-E-BANGLA NAGAR, DHAKA-1207,BANGLADES Sat, 01 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/3507 2019-06-01T00:00:00Z