Faculty of Agriculture
http://archive.saulibrary.edu.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2628
2024-03-29T03:34:34ZGENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN F 1 AND F 2 POPULATIONS OF TOMATILLO (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. / Physalis philadelphica Lam.)
http://archive.saulibrary.edu.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5187
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN F 1 AND F 2 POPULATIONS OF TOMATILLO (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. / Physalis philadelphica Lam.)
S. M. AHSAN-WZ-ZAMAN
A tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. /Physalis philadelphica Lam.) core collection consisting
of five parental genotypes viz., SAU tomatillo 1 (G1), SAU tomatillo 2 (G2), PI003 (G3),
PI004 (G4) and PI005 (G5) was explored for variation in plant growth, yield and fruit quality
traits, in order to develop improved plants with desirable traits from subsequent tomatillo
diallel crossing program. Twenty F
populations of tomatillo were derived from 5x5 diallel
crosses to combine desirable genes from different parents and to produce pure-breeding
progeny superior in many respects to the parental types. F
1
population was developed in order
to select superior genotyes as the greatest genetic variability exists in the F
xviii
2
population and
the most effective selection occurs there. The experiments were conducted at replicated plots
following RCBD design in the central experimental field and central laboratory of Sher-eBangla
Agricultural
University,
Dhaka
during
Oct/2017
to
Mar/2020.
Analysis
of
variance
for
agromorphogenic
traits of five parental and twenty hybrids of tomatillo showed significant
variation in yields and in quality traits. Maximum yield was found in parent G3 (740.67
g/plant), in F
1
population G1×G3 (1060.66 g/plant) and in F
population G1×G3 (1021.33
g/plant). Cross ability analysis of tomatillo showed excellent cross ability in G3, G1 and G4
and their crosses in three years. Estimation of heterosis, assessment of combining ability and
gene actions for different characters were performed. Maximum standard heterosis was found
2
in G1×G3 (19.35%) followed by G1×G2 (10.94) for yield/ha. These crosses
deserve attention
for their heterotic responses.
The ANOVA of combining ability analysis showed highly
significant results for most characters which suggested the presence of both additive and nonadditive
gene action for inheritance. The GCA effects
revealed that the parents G1and G3
showed the best general combiner.
The highest positive significant SCA effect was found in
G3×G1 (11.51**) and the cross G1×G3 was the best specific combiner for yield per ha.
Genetic analysis in F
1
, F
populations revealed that both additive and non-additive genetic
effects were important for different characters. Extent and direction of heterosis in F
2
varied
greatly for
different characters. Diallel analysis was performed using the Hayman’s approach
chiefly comprises the aspects, Hayman’s ANOVA, Vr, Wr analysis with graphical
representation and components of variation and genetic parameters. Vr-Wr graph suggested
that partial dominance and/or over dominance gene actions
were involved for all the
characters in F
.
The ranks of parental dominance were: G5 > G4 > G1 > G2 > G3 in the
increasing order for the trait yield. Magnitude of E for each character was much less
compared to their respecting D and H1 suggesting the characters were influenced less by
environment. The ratio of (H2/4H1) estimated the average frequency of positive and negative
1
alleles in all the parents.
The significant correlation was found in fruit pH, lycopene content
(502) and fruit moisture content at genotypic level and in fruit moisture and lycopene content
at phenotypic level.
Based on the value of yield components, the highest selection score was
found in G1×G3 (1065.57) having ranked 1 followed by G1×G2 (1032.15) with rank 2. The
lowest ranked genotype was found in G2×G4 (701.66) with rank of 20 followed by G4×G2
(725.09) having ranked 19. The highest selection score was found in G1×G3 (18.719) having
ranked 1 followed by G3×G1 (17.409) with rank 2 for quality traits. G1×G3 and G1×G2 could
be recommended for further selection trial for higher yield towards variety development of tomatillo.
Different gene actions underlying these traits provides valuable insight in the further selections and can
be used to support breeding strategies for tomatillo crop improvement.
A Thesis
submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZGENETIC ANALYSIS OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.) GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
http://archive.saulibrary.edu.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5186
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.) GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
TALUKDER, MOHAMMAD ZUBAIR ISLAM
Drought is a major constraint that adversly affect the cotton yield and its fibre quality. In
order to ascertain drought tolerant genotypes of cotton, three experiments based on
morphological, physiological, fibre quality, yield and yield components of cotton
genotypes under drought condition were conducted at two different locations. The
morphological and physiological study was performed at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka. The fibre quality and yield experiment was conducted in the farmers‟
field at Godagari, Rajshahi. The fibre quality tests were executed at Fibre testing
laboratory, Dhaka and Cotton Research Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur of Cotton Development
Board. The duration of the experiments was from April, 2017 to March, 2020. Fifty
cotton genotypes and four different treatments for drought stress were outlined in CRD
for morphological and physiologica experiment and RCBD for fibre quality and yield
experiment with three replications. Significant genotypic variations were observed for all
the characters studied in all three experiments. Among all genotypes CB-12 is the highest
ranked genotype for number of reproductive branches at early flowering stage and BC413
is
the
highest
ranked
genotype
for
root
length.
Heritability
values
in
broad
sense
were
relatively
high
for
almost
all
the characters except number of vegetative branches. There
is significant positive correlation between the number of reproductive branches and shoot
length, shoot root length ratio, root diameter and total biomass of root both at genotypic
and phenotypic level. Path analysis also revealed positive direct effect of these four traits
on number of reproductive branches indicating these traits would help in further selection
progress. According to DRI values, among fifty genotypes, twenty could be included in
tolerant group at early flowering stage of cotton. Diversity studies revealed, fifty cotton
genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters. The genotypes with high shoot length and no. of
reproductive branch was observed in cluster IV. High root diameter and no. of lateral root in
drought stress remain together in a cluster VII. Based on relative selection index (RSI)
and drought response index (DRI) Ra-16 and BC-442 could be selected as tolerant
genotype to drought at early flowering stage. In physiological studies at early flowering
stage, among all genotypes CB-14 is the highest ranked genotype for pollen viability
followed by water retension capacity and water uptake capacity. SR-16 is the highest
ranked genotype for proline content. BC-394 was also higher ranked genotype for proline
content as well as for water saturation deficit and relative water content. High heritability
coupled with high genetic advanced in percent of mean was recorded for water saturation
deficit, water retention capasity, water uptake capacity, membrane stability index and
proline content indicating additive gene action controlling these traits and selection based
on these traits will be rewarding. Correlation coefficient revealed positive and significant
correlation among pollen viability and total chlorophyll as well as nitrogen content. Path
analysis also showed positive direct effect of chlorophyll and nitrogen content on pollen
viability. Based on RSI and DRI, BC-512, Ra-3, BC-413, CB-14, BC-385 and BC-394
could be selected as drought tolerant genotypes based on physiological study at early
flowering stage. Among twenty five selected genotypes from previous two experiments,
BC-433 had the highest rank for seed cotton yield per hectare followed by JA-13/R, BC272,
BC-510.
The
lowest
days
to
first
boll
bursting
rank
was
found
in
CB-8
followed
by
Ra-16
and
CB-10.
The
highest rank for Ginning Out Turn (GOT) was found in BC-272
followed by CB-11 and BC-442. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance at
percent of mean was found for the traits, no. of vegetative and fruiting brunches, no. of
bolls per plant, seed cotton yield per hectare indicating additing gene action controlling
these traits and selection would be effective. Significant positive correlation with yield
was found for the characters plant height, days to first square initiation, days to first boll
split, no. of fruiting branch, no. of bolls per plant, single boll weight and seed index. Path
analysis revealed positive direct effect of plant height, no. of bolls per plant and single
boll weight on yield. Based on RSI and DRI values BC-415 is best ranking genoype for
yield followed by BC-433 and BC-442, CB-14, CB-8 and BC-394. Regarding quality
traits, genotypes JA-13/R had the longest fibre length, reflectance degree and fibre
strength followed by BC-385, BC-433, CB-14, Ra-4, Ra-16 and BC-442. RA-08/9 had
the highest micronnaire followed by BC-385 and CB-13. Ra-16 had the highest fibre
strength followed by JA-13/R, Ra-3. Uniformity index had significant positive correlation
with fibre length both at genotypic and phenotypic level. Path analysis also showed
positive direct effect of uniformity index on fibre length. Based on SRI and DRI value,
BC-510 is the highest ranking genotype followed by Ra-4, BC-385, BC-433, BC-413 and
BC-462. Five genotypes as BC-415, BC-433, BC-442 and CB-14 for highest yield and
three genotypes as BC-510, Ra-4, BC-385, BC-433, BC-413 and BC-462 for best quality
fibre could be recommended to the farmers‟ of northern region of Bangladesh. Based on
days to first square initiation, days to first flower initiation, days to first boll split and
days to first boll bursting, BC-462 required further trial for earliness under drought prone
areas.
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZGENETIC ANALYSIS ON YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED Brassica rapa L. GENOTYPES
http://archive.saulibrary.edu.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5185
GENETIC ANALYSIS ON YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED Brassica rapa L. GENOTYPES
SHELLY, NASRAT JAHAN
The investigation was carried out at the experimental field and in the Biochemistry and Agricultural
Chemistry and Environmental Science laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
during Nov/2017 to Dec/2021 with seven selected Brassica rapa genotypes to develop elite breeding
lines with high yield potential, short duration and high oil content with better quality. BARI Sar-6
had the highest yield (8.41 g plant
-1
) but had very long duration (110 days), while Tori-7 had the
lowest yield (4.25 g plant
-1
) with short duration (81.66 days), on the other hand Brown Special
matured early (80.66 days) with moderate yield (5.88 g plant
-1
). Most of the F
s were intermediate
type between their parents for morphological characteristics and performed better than their both
parents for most of the quantitative traits. Tori-7 × Brown Special matured early in 80 days, while the
highest yield (27.67 g plant
-1
)
1
had recorded in Tori-7 × Yellow special. The highly significant and the
highest negative heterosis for maturity had recorded in BARI Sar-6 × Brown Special over the better
parent (-23.33%) and in BARI Sar-6 × BARI Sar-17 over the mid parent (-13.22%). For yield plant
,
Yellow Special × Tori-7 showed the highly significant and the highest positive heterosis over both
the parents (352.37% and 245.01% respectively). Considering the highest positive (except earliness)
and the highly significant GCA effects, Brown Special was the best general combiner for earliness
and yield plant
-1
, while based on SCA effects, the cross BARI Sar-6 × Brown Special was the best
for earliness and BARI Sar-15 × Brown Special was the best for yield plant
-1
. Therefore, these
genotypes might be used for further improvement of these traits. Generation mean analysis revealed
that, F
1
s were superior over their both parents but F
s means indicated inbreeding depression in most
cases. BC
2
performed better than BC
1
2
in most of the crosses for yield plant
-1
. The significant scaling
tests for most of the traits across the crosses indicated the presence of epistasis but insignificant χ2
values in most cases indicated the absence of epistasis and thus, six-parameter model (Hayman,
1958) had suggested to explain the nature of gene actions. Significant negative additive gene effects
for most of the traits across the crosses indicated non-additive gene action and selection might be
ineffective but in those cases significant positive additive gene effects had found selection might be
effective. While heterosis breeding could be explored for significant positive dominance gene effects
in most other cases. However, where, both additive and dominance gene effects were significant and
positive, reciprocal recurrent selection might be suggested. For oil content, the parent - Yellow
Special, F
1
- Brown Special × Yellow Special, F
2
- BARI Sar-14 × Yellow Special and in both BC
and BC
- Tori-7 × BARI Sar-14 contained the highest amount of oil, 45.05%, 39.04%, 37.71%,
38.98% and 38.57 % respectively. Among the parents - Tori-7, in all F
2
1
, F
2
and BC
- Tori-7 ×
Yellow Special and among BC
- Yellow Special × BARI Sar-6 contained the highest amount of poly
unsaturated fatty acid, 16.98%, 19.27%, 21.54%, 21.57% and 16.47 % respectively. Among the
parent - Tori-7, in all F
1
, F
2
2
and BC
1
-Tori-7 × Yellow Special and among BC
- Yellow Special ×
BARI Sar-6, contained the lowest amount of erucic acid, 44.97%, 45.37%, 45.42%, 45.49% and
46.67 % respectively. So, these genotypes might be used for further development of these traits.
A Thesis
submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZEFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF CAPSICUM (Capsicum annuum L.)
http://archive.saulibrary.edu.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5155
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF CAPSICUM (Capsicum annuum L.)
REGISTRATION NO. 15-06843
An experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-eBangla
Nagar, Dhaka-1207 to study the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on
growth, yield, and nutrients content of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) during the period
from November 2021 to March 2022. The experiment considered 8 treatments viz. T
0
(control), T
1
(Recommended doses; RD of inorganic fertilizer), T
2
(Vermicompost - 3.5 t
ha
-1
), T
3
(Poultry manure - 8 t ha
-1
), T
4
(50% vermicompost + 50% inorganic fertilizer of
RD), T
5
(25% vermicompost + 75% inorganic fertilizer of RD), T
6
(50% poultry manure +
50% inorganic fertilizer of RD) and T
7
(25% poultry manure + 75% inorganic fertilizer of
RD). The treatment T
5
(25% vermicompost + 75% inorganic fertilizer of RD) exhibited the
highest plant height (51.93 cm) but the treatment T
4
(50% vermicompost + 50% inorganic
fertilizer of RD) showed the highest number of leaves plant
(9.47), flowers plant
-1
(11.53), fruits plant
-1
-1
(52.07 cm), branches plant
(8.71), fruit length (89.93 mm), fruit diameter
( 67.27 mm), individual fruit weight (94.85 g), number of fruits plot
-1
(40.67), yield plot
(3859.00 g) and yield (19.30 t ha
-1
) whereas control treatment showed least performance.
Regarding the nutrient content of capsicum, N content differed significantly and the
treatment T
7
(25% poultry manure + 75% inorganic fertilizer of RD) showed the maximum
N content (1.73%) whereas T
0
(control) treatment showed the lowest result (0.57%). P and
K contents of fruit showed non-significant variation among the treatments. So, it can be
concluded that the treatment T
4
(50% vermicompost + 50% inorganic fertilizer of RD)
treatment was very much promising for higher capsicum production (ASTHA F1) followed
by T
5
(25% vermicompost + 75% inorganic fertilizer of RD). Treatment of 50%
vermicompost + 50% inorganic fertilizer of RD (T
4
) can be recommended at farmers level
to achieve higher capsicum production.
A Thesis
Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Chemistry
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
2
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY
2022-01-01T00:00:00Z