http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/2 2026-04-17T14:24:14Z http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/5454 BIOECOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AEDES MOSQUITOES IN DHAKA CITY SHAROWER, MD. GOLAM A comprehensive research was conducted during January, 2013 to December, 2015 to study the life history traits through the life cycle of the medically important mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse,1894) and their breeding sites, seasonal distribution affecting occuarence of dengue disease in different areas of Dhaka city and chemical control approach. The period of development from the egg to adult stage for aedes mosquitoes was 8.37±O.18 days for male and 9.5± 0.24 days for female. Female aedes mosquitoes fed with chiken blood showed the highest mean longivity which was 26.23±2.l7days while 10% sucrose fed male recorded 19.23±2.21days which was the shortest mean survival period. Depending on the gonotrophic cycle of aedes mosquitoes their number of eggs and longevity varied. This research investigated aedes mosquito container productivity of each type and identified breedirig sites of aedes larvae. Of total 9,222 households inspected, 1,306 (14.2%) were positive for aedes larvae breeding. Out of total 38,777 wet containers examined in the houses, 2,272 (5.8%) were infested with aedes larvae. Water holding containers, such as tyres, tanks, earthen jars, flower pots and drums were found to be the most common containers for aedes mosquitoes breeding. Tyres in outdoor, tanks in indoor and flower pots in rooftop locations were also important containers for the highest larval breeding. Factors such as independent household, presence of a water storage system in the house, and fully/partly shaded outdoors were found significantly associated with household infestation of aedes larvae. All these containers exhibited risk of breeding aedes mosquitoes. To evaluate ecological variation of their population density in different parts of the Dhaka city among its eight major divisions average highest density of both these mosquitoes at all the life stages viz. eggs, larvae, pupae and adults was in Tejgaon division with 2960±9.82, 2329 ±4.36, 1786.33±35.92 and 1369.67±16.50 respectively and the lowest density of 1556±51.39, 1122.67±32.88, 764±34.39 and 570.67±7.02 in Lalbagh division. The seasonal distribution of the aedes mosquitoes showed that the highest density of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults was found in Iune respectively following May with their mean numbers of 556±103.94, 451.76±103.42, 356.72±102.06 and 29 1.44±91.85respectively. The abundance of these mosquitoes was related to prevailing rainfall and temperature in these months. The highest LDso value of used petroleum oil as diesel was 12.57 after 6hr following kerosine and the lowest LDsovalue of organophosphorous insecticide as temephos was 1.24 after 24 hr of 1st instar larvae. The efficacy of the the tested insecticides decreased with developing larval instars and the LDso values thus increased. The pyrethroid insecticides such as pralemethin, deltamethin and permethrin killed almost at similar level, but their effectiveness appeared to be next to organophosphorous insecticide temephos. A thesis Submitted to the faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTOMOLOGY 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/5257 COASTAL FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE MIA, MD. ABU TOUHID Climate smart agriculture (CSA) aims to improve food security, help communities adapt to climate change and contribute to climate change mitigation by adopting appropriate practices. The basic premises of the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) surveys are that knowledge forms attitude, and that both knowledge and attitude are the building blocks for practice. The study therefore aims to assess the extent of knowledge, attitude and practice of farmers regarding climate smart agriculture and to explore the contributions of the selected characteristics of the coastal farmers to their knowledge, attitude and practice. Data were collected using an interview schedule from 354 coastal farmers under 3 districts namely, Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira through Multistage Random Sampling Method during December, 2021 to March, 2022. To explore the contribution of the predictor variables to the outcome variables, full model regression analysis was employed. It was found that about 14.13% of the farmers had poor knowledge, 75.14% had medium-level knowledge and 10.73% had high level knowledge on CSA. The highest proportion (61.01%) of the farmer had medium favourable attitude towards CSA as compared to 18.65% and 20.34% having low favourable and high favourable attitude towards CSA respectively. About 57.91% of the coastal farmers had medium practice followed by 22.88% had high and 19.21% had low practice of CSA. Among the 19 identified CSA practices “using of thread pipe/plastic pipe for irrigation” ranked first and indicated highest extent of use by the coastal farmers. The 2 position in the rank order was “cultivation of salinity resistant and high yielding crop varieties,”. Farmers‟ education, annual agricultural income, extension contact, decision making ability, benefit obtained from CSA had significant positive contributions and problem faced in CSA had negative contribution to their knowledge on CSA. Again, farmers‟ education, annual agricultural income, extension contact, training exposure, access to market and benefit obtained from CSA had significant positive contribution whereas farm size had negative contributions to their attitude towards CSA. Furthermore, farmers‟ education, annual agricultural income, extension contact, training exposure and benefit obtained from CSA had positive significant contribution to their practice of CSA. The topmost problem of coastal farmers was associated with economic problem; „higher cost of inputs‟ ranked 1 st and „low price of produced crops‟ ranked 2 xvii nd nd . For the fully implementation of CSA requires solving associated problems and making available appropriate technologies to the farmers. A Dissertation submitted to the faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/5256 SALINITY IMPACT ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND BRINJAL PRODUCTION IN COASTAL AREAS OF BAGERHAT AND PIROJPUR DISTRICTS CONSIDERING CHANGED CLIMATE BEGUM, SHALINA Soil salinity becoming a limiting problem globally for agriculture. Salinization is one of the major natural hazards hampering crop production in costal part of Bangladesh. This study aimed to determine the salinity on physical and chemical properties of soil in coastal areas (Bagerhat and Pirojpur district) of Bangladesh and also to observe the salt tolerance of morphological, physiological and yield traits of brinjal genotypes. The stability analysis of binjal genotypes was observe at different location of farmer’s field in the coastal area. The study areas Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 7.35 to 1.13 dS/m and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) values ranged from 5.99 to 49.37 with the highest salinity was in the month of May. Low concentrations of total nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and high level of exchangeable potassium was found in the study area. In case of four different treatments germination percentage was maximum rather than control ranged from 63.74 to 90.24 at T (4 dS/m NaCl), with an average of 80.63% in BARI Hybrid Begun 2. Effect of salinity was also observed on plant height (cm), root, leaves, stem fresh weight and dry weight (g/plant), number of leaves/plant, length and width of leaves (cm), days of first flowering, number of cluster/plant, number of branches/ plant, number of fruits/plant, fruit diameter (cm), individual fruit weight (g), weight of fruit/plant (Kg), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and chlorophyll content. Leaf length significantly reduced irrespective of genotypes. Leaf breadth at vegetative stage of eight brinjal genotypes recorded 18.95 cm at control environment, while 15.56 cm at T 1 (4 dS/m), 12.77 cm at T (8 dS/m) and 8.84 cm was recorded at T 3 iii 2 (12 dS/m), i.e.53.33% reduced leaf breadth from control environment. In the reproductive stage maximum leaf area index (LAI) was recorded in F 14x5(603.67 cm 2 ), F 1 12x11 (518.40 cm 2 ) at control condition and decreasing trend was found with the increase of salinity level. In case of yield the level of salinity decrease all the yield parameters and it was12.34% reduced at 4 dS/m and 40.37% at 12 dS/m. Among the genotypes maximum yield was recorded at F 14×5 and BARI Hybrid Begun 2. Based on Genotype X Environment (GXE) highest interaction was observed in the genotypes responded in BARI Hybrid Begun 2, F 1 1 14×5 and BARI Begun 5 interaction with the environment Gazipur Sadar and Bagerhat Sadar and had better yield potentiality than other genotypes based on the positive genotypic and environmental mean values, phenotypic index and environmental index values. Therefore, F 14x5, BARI Hybrid Begun 2 performed better in salinity level 2 dS/m to 8 dS/m than compare to other genotypes in the study area. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AGROFORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/handle/123456789/5252 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT APPROACH AGAINST MAJOR ARTHROPOD PESTS OF CAPSICUM MD. ZAKARIA Capsicum cultivation plays a crucial role in the agricultural economy of Bangladesh, but the infestation of major insect pests poses significant challenges to its productivity and sustainability. The primary objective of this study was to develop an effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) package to combat major insect pests affecting capsicum. The study conducted between 2018 and 2022 encompassed four experiments. Initially, a field survey was conducted in Rajbari, Bogura, Sylhet, Kishoreganj and Manikganj districts in Bangladesh, focusing on intensive capsicum cultivation areas. Results showed that 36% of the surveyed areas experienced low pest infestation, 22.4% faced moderate infestation, and only 4.8% had severe infestation. Capsicum growers utilized diverse control measures, with 71.14% employing a combination of chemical and other methods, while a mere 5.77% practiced fully non-chemical approaches to combat pests such as thrips, aphids, fruit borers, mites, and whiteflies. The highest healthy fruit yield recorded was 24.38 tons ha -1 , and the maximum benefit-cost ratio (3.12) was observed in Capsicum Grower’s Practice (CGP)-8 (Combination of chemicals, bio-pesticide, mechanical, cultural and mulching materials). The second experiment aimed to screen potential capsicum varieties for their resistance to pests by employing different mulching materials. Among the four varieties tested, California Wonder demonstrated the best resistance to pests and yielded higher produce. Combining California Wonder variety with black polythene mulching showed superior performance in controlling pest infestations at various growth stages, leading to improved yields compared to other varieties and combinations. In the third experiment, eight treatments were tested, focusing on the entire growth period, infestation levels of whiteflies, aphids, thrips, fruit borers, and mites, healthy and infested leaves and fruits per plant, and yield-contributing characteristics. Treatment T 3 , involving Imidacloprid 20% SL @ 0.5 ml/L of water with a 7-day interval exhibited the best results. The lowest performance was observed in the controlled plots (T 8 ), followed by T 7 (field sanitation + pheromone trap). A comparison between two fields indicated that the farmer's field in Hemayetpur village, Singair upazila, Manikganj district, outperformed the experimental field at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. The final experiment conducted in the fourth year aimed to develop an integrated management approach against major capsicum pests using six packages. Package P 2 (black polythene + field sanitation + pheromone trap + Spinosad-45% SC @ 0.4 ml/L of water with a 7-day interval) demonstrated the best performance in terms of insect pest incidence, yield and yield-contributing factors. The untreated controlled plots (P 6 ) exhibited the lowest performance. Overall, the study concludes that package P 2 , comprising black polythene, field sanitation, pheromone trap, and Spinosad-45% SC @ 0.4 ml/L of water, presents an effective integrated management approach against major pests infesting capsicum. A dissertation Submitted to the faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTOMOLOGY 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z